Wednesday, 5 April 2017

Paper 15 Mass Media and Communication

Name: Vyas Nupur Hitesh Bhai.
Roll No: 34, M.A English
SEM: 4
Paper 15 Mass Media and Communication
Topic: What are the Needs for communication?
Batch- 2015-17
Submitted to S.B. Gardi Department of English, MKBU [Bhavnagar}








Communication meaning:
A human relationship involving two or more persons who come together to share, to dialogue and to commune. Thus, communication is not just an act or a process but also a social and cultural togetherness. According to Denis Mcquail, “Communication is a process which increases commonality – but also requires elements of commonality for it to occur at all.” A common language for instance does bring people together but language alone does not suffice for communication to take place. There are other factors too at play such as a shared culture and a common interest which bring about a sense of commonality and more significantly, a sense of community. The Sanskrit term, ‘Sadharanikaran’ comes closest to the term of ‘common’ or ‘commonness’ usually associated with communication.
Needs for Communication
A human being’s need for communication is as strong as the need to eat, sleep and love. Communication is as much a natural need as it is a social requirement in order to engage in the sharing of experiences, through symbol mediated interaction. It requires active interaction with our physical, biological and social environments. The basic human need for communication can perhaps be traced to the process of mankind’s evolution from lower species. Excommunication or lack of communication may lead to sensory deprivation, anxiety, depraved judgement, strange visions. Communication represents an essential and very important human need as well as a basic human right. Without having the possibility to communicate and talk to other people, no individual, community, group or any other institution would be able to exist, or prosper. Strictly speaking the ability to communicate or the general right of communication make it possible to exchange opinions, thoughts and meanings. So it enables people to express themselves and show their own points of view. Consequently communication makes people who and what they are and particularly strengthens human dignity. By having the right to communicate and express personal thoughts, ideas, and opinions, people feel themselves treated equally – in other words: Communication validates human equality. Thus the protection and implementation of communication rights represents an essential part of the general topic of human rights. Strictly speaking there exist four central Pillars of Communication Rights.  Each Pillar refers to a different domain of social existence, practice, and experience, in which communication generally represents a so-called core activity on the one hand and performs specific key functions on the other hand. The most important point considering the four pillars consists in the fact that each involves a relatively autonomous sphere of social action. So they are extremely necessary in order to achieve communication rights – a fact that means that everybody has the right to communicate about every single topic.
The Four Pillars of Communication Rights are the following ones:
Communicating on the Public Sphere: The role of communication and media in exercising democratic political participation in society.
     Communication Knowledge: The terms and means by which           knowledge generated by society is communicated, or blocked, for use by different groups.
       Civil Rights in Communication: The exercise of civil rights relating to the processes of communication in society.
Cultural Rights in Communication: The communication of diverse cultures, cultural forms and identities at the individual and social levels.
                                                                                The Four Pillars of Communication Rights point out very clearly why the right to communicate is important for people in order to live in freedom, peace, justice, and dignity. So the right to communicate can be seen as a means to enhance human rights as well as to carefully strengthen the social, cultural and economic lives of people of different nations, communities, institutions and groups. It is very important to know that the ‘right to communicate’ does not have the equal meaning of ‘communication right’. In spite of all the two terms are closely related in both their history and usage. Strictly speaking the ‘right to communicate’ is generally associated with the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO) debate and expresses the need for a legal acknowledgement as a framework for a better implementation. The other term, ‘communication right’, points out that a group of international rights fortifying communication already exists, but in spite of everything many are too often ignored.

Communication is a process of sending and receiving information among people. Humans communicate with others not only by face-to-face communication, but also by giving information via the Internet and printed products such as books and newspapers. Many people believe that the significance of communication is like the importance of breathing. Indeed, communication facilitates the spread of knowledge and forms relationships between people.
First of all, communication helps to spread knowledge and information among people. For example, authors write books to impart knowledge to the World, and teachers share their experience with their students. Also, friends or co-workers discuss their ideas with each other, and companies exchange information with their subsidiaries and customers. Besides, the advent of the Internet not only allows people to have better access to knowledge and information in all fields, but also makes it easier and faster to contact with people around the World. Undoubtedly, the sharing knowledge and information process cannot function without communication. As a result, companies cannot operate, and humanity will be drowned in the abyss of ignorance. Communication helps to spread knowledge and information among people. Moreover, communication is the foundation of all human relationship. At first, strangers start talking and getting to know each other, and then the relationships are formed when they have more interaction and communication. Communicating helps people to express their ideas and feelings, and it, at the same time, helps us to understand emotion and thoughts of the others. As a result, we will develop affection or hatred toward other people, and positive or negative relationships will be created. It is no doubt that communication plays a vital role in human life. It not only helps to facilitate the process of sharing information and knowledge, but also helps people to develop relationships with others. Therefore, the importance of communication cannot be underestimated. Every day, we communicate with a lot of people including our families, our friends, our colleagues, or even strangers. We should learn how to communicate effectively to make our lives better.  Mass media and other forms of communication technology have an enormous influence in helping to shape public opinion and underlying sentiment. Newspapers, TV and radio are all important sources of basic information about other people and other places and this can itself help to engender understanding if presented in a fair, even-handed and non-inflammatory way.  The media is also an important accountability mechanism: it raises important issues, corruption for example, that might otherwise never be publicly debated or addressed. The media also has an important role in stimulating governments to take action on social policy: although stories about migrants or refugees might reinforce prejudice in some quarters, they also expose problems that need to be addressed, for example poor living conditions or lack of access to services, the citizenship status of migrants, the response of local communities to their settlement and so on.  But the media can also, in some cases, become an instrument for the dissemination of false and inflammatory messages and values that do not promote respect or well-tempered dialogue and discussion. Negative messages can divide communities and can help perpetuate the stereotypes that nurture violence. The internet has radically changed the way in which people communicate and connect with each other. As a means of social interaction, the web brings people together – friends, family, young people, or complete strangers that share interests or objectives – and this can foster a sense of belonging and identity. The web, however, has also been used to target people, mainly young users, to radicalize them into specific belief systems and divisive ways of seeing the world.
                                    Other media initiatives have been successful at increasing the inclusion of previously marginalized groups by providing them with a means of expressing their views. Positive results have also resulted from the creation of channels through which older, familiar binary disputes can be broken down and re-imagined in ways that highlight common interests that transcend warring boundaries.
Mass communication becomes very important while communicating ideas intended to change behaviour of people right from developing awareness to adoption of an innovation. When people are exposed to an increasing flow of information, they find themselves in a position which necessitates a change in their aspiration, attitude and effort.
Frequent exposure to mass media can create the urge for a higher standard of living. There is adequate research evidence throwing light upon the potentialities of individual medium of mass communication as well as a total effect of mass media exposure in changing cognitive and affective behaviour of rural people.
Radio and Television have invaded almost every corner of the country. People sit glued to watch television. Research has also proved the effectiveness of these media in educating people. Hence mass communication is one of the important inputs for the development of the nation.
Radio, television, newspaper, movies are used widely as means of mass communication for information and entertainment.
Today, mass communication brings people closer by developing common understanding of the event or issue. We are dependent on mass communication not only for information, entertainment and politics but also education, science, religion, charities, agriculture and transportation.
In one way or another, almost every major social activity in modern life depends on the use of mass communication media to greater or lesser extent.
Mass communication is important for socialization of people because changes in subtle areas such as the socialization of the individual in regard to knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs, can be brought about through mass communication by using media like television and cinema.
Thus, mass communication plays an important role in the transmission of attitudes, perceptions and beliefs. Mass media like television and radio are influential force when the same ideas, people, or behaviors, occur consistently from program to program and presented in a stereotype manner.
Mass communication has developed into industry and has provided jobs to millions of people enabling them to earn their living.
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